Saturday, June 6, 2020

Foresight 20/20; A Commencement Address for our Graduates




Parents, Friends and Neighbors, we stand here today to honor our 2020 graduates. 

It cannot go without saying that 2020 has been a strange year. I don’t think any of us was, nor could have been, prepared for the sudden arrival of a pandemic. Our lives have been turned upside-down. The norms and expectations of everything, including and particularly celebration, have been curtailed. The globalized economy has collapsed like a house of cards, and the highest levels of leadership have proven themselves to be insubstantial, even unfit, but certainly unready to meet such a crisis where it needs to be met – often treating this environment as though human needs are not an integral part of it.

Suddenly everything came to a halt, and we were mainly limited to being at home, really only going out for essential procurements or essential work. It doesn’t take long for people, so used to social commerce, to become bored, isolated, sad. On March 18th, I awoke from a dream and these words lingered from it, so I wrote them down and gave them a title: 

Together, Alone

We hike along a way
we’d usually share abreast,
but right now, we each move
together, alone.

The distance is forced and,
as two pendulums in motion would,
we try to match our steps,
try to meet in mind,
mindful of the gap.

A contagion we can’t see
threatens to separate us;
to divide and conquer
by means of infection
is the metaphor of this age.

This disease might save us,
if we could embrace a truth
writ large by the threat:
we live webs of intersections;
as we go, it is together, all one.
© 2020 by Elisabeth T. Eliassen and songsofasouljourney.blogspot.com


A year of promise begun in the Fall got the wind sucked out it in February and March. To borrow a book title from Judith Viorst, for many students this has been a “Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad” year. It is of little consolation that a year such as this is not unprecedented in the history of our nation and our world.

In 1918, the world, already in the grips of World War I for a full year, was hit by an avian H1N1 virus that came to be known as the Spanish Flu. Troop movement is thought to have been the primary means of spreading this virus, and there were three primary waves of infection. Then, as now, public heath officials recommended the wearing of masks, proximal distancing, and quarantine as the primary methods by which to slow the spread of the disease and allow it to play itself out. 

In his commencement address to the 1918 graduating class of the University of Indiana, Mr. Rough and Ready, Theodore Roosevelt, nine years out of office as our 26thPresident, said:

We need institutions of technical teaching, of technical learning in the country; but in my judgment, we need more the institutions that teach broad, cultural development, which this nation needs more than it needs anything else. We need the kind of learning acquired not because it can be turned into money but because it is worth so much more than money.

Let [each person] remember that no nation ever yet amounted to anything or ever will amount to anything if it consisted simply of money-getters, and if the trophies and proofs of its success consisted merely in the symbols of successful money-getting. The money must be there as a basis, but by no means as broad a basis as most of the very successful… among us have made it in their lives. [Money] is only [a] foundation, and the foundation is worthless unless upon it you build the super-structure of the higher life, the life with ideals of beauty, of nobility, of achievement of good for the sake of doing what is good, the life of service and sacrifice in any one of a hundred lines, all directed toward the welfare of our common country.

I hope it isn’t trite to say that though this year has been tough, we’ve all learned that doing good, in the simple way Roosevelt defined it, is something that can be done by going to work or school, or even by staying at home—doing the best we can, whatever any specific circumstances demand. We’ve seen what works, and what doesn’t work has been unmasked– as façade or out and out fraud – for all to see, if they are willing. We’ve learned that “Being together, all one” is part of our social contract, an act of cooperation we agree to do as a group even if we are self-isolating.

--

That you have arrived at this day is not, per se, a miracle. You’ve been nurtured and encouraged by parents, grandparents, neighbors, teachers and coaches, ever since the day you were born. But that you have arrived at this milestone is an accomplishment—your accomplishment, a result of your hard work. Even, sometimes, boredom, contributes to growth, being the parent of invention.

You’ve spent so much of your life in school but, let me just say, school’s not over, yet – life is what some would call “Continuing Education.” I’m sure you’ve survived any number of “group projects”, during your time in Middle and High School, even College. When asked why students thought they were being given such assignments, at least 85% percent respond, “In order to lower my GPA.” As hated as these exercises are, there is a point to them; they are short experiments in the realities of cooperation. In these “controlled” experiments, the group you end up with must work together to produce a result. You get to choose who you hang out with at lunch and after school, but you mostly never get to choose who is going to be working with you on such assignments nor in any job setting. You and several or a bunch of others are thrown together to solve a problem and deliver a report or a product. Some members of the group have skills; some can organize, some are smart but flaky, while others might be excellent at avoidance all together. You have to find someone willing to take the thankless lead, and then together you have to plan meetings, benchmarks and goals, and each person has to agree to Do Their Part. This is nothing less than a social contract. Sometimes the results aren’t that great, but you can breathe a sigh of relief when your presentation is over, even if you were up until 2am making the PowerPoint presentation because you had to wait for one of your partners to email the data and another partner to email the text. This is a microcosm of real life; we all muddle along just like this, and every such experience offers an opportunity to observe people, and this contributes to your developing critical thought process. One thing you learn is that even people with the best of plans encounter issues that can cause them to change course. If there’s one rule of thumb you can live by, it’s this: Everything takes four times longer to accomplish than you think it should, from simple chores on up. And yet, there is art and grace to be found in all of this, and joy.

Perhaps, during our shelter-in-place, in our quiet meditations, we have made some important observations. Perhaps we’ve been able to breathe cleaner air. Perhaps we have been able to actually hear the birds singing without the continuous hum of traffic and construction to dampen their songs. Perhaps we have been able to see the moon and stars more clearly at night. Perhaps we have discovered – and maybe to our surprise – that a lifestyle of rushing around and being artificially busy is not required in order to live fully and productively. Perhaps we have thought about how much energy – personal energy, as well as resource energy – is wasted when everything and everyone is constantly turned on and in motion. Perhaps we have concerned ourselves with how isolation might be impacting others, because we know how deeply it has impacted us. Perhaps we have observed that all are not treated equally or based on truly demonstrated merit. Perhaps we’ve finally heard and identified divisive rhetoric and platitudes, and been upset by them. Perhaps, in thinking about all these things, we have thought of solutions to certain problems. 

What ideas have you had during this time that you think are worthy to pursue? Ideas that can help us do more than just muddle along? Such ideas are the capital on which every former society has been, and any newer society, can be built. 

In the words of a Fleetwood Mac song from my generation:

Don't stop thinking about tomorrow
Don't stop, it'll soon be here
It'll be, better than before
Yesterday's gone, yesterday's gone

Right now, we are still in a bit of a holding pattern, waiting for the pandemic threat to be “yesterday,” and some of us marching to demand greater social justice. As difficult as it is to be missing out on shared celebrations with your peers, I hope you realize that you are experiencing history first-hand, and that this moment is but a spring-board to the next phase of yours and all our lives. You are on the ground floor, and everything goes up from here. In the parlance of business, disruption is the fertile ground for innovation. Carpe diem, seize the day! This historic moment contains the seeds of opportunity that you and all your classmates can cultivate toward holistic and positive change so desperately needed in our world, changes that don’t treat humanity as if it is detached from the environment or subservient to money, changes that honor individual personhood. 

As we slowly return to a “new normal,” I hope that you will be able to safely rejoin your classmates and extended family in celebration of your collective achievements, and that those celebrations will be all the more fully experienced and cherished because of the crisis we have lived through. 

In the meanwhile, we congratulate you and the entire Class of 2020, and hope that the springboard of current events will catapult all of you to success in the fields of your choice, with the best wishes and continued support of all of us. We are confident that you and your generation have and will further develop and employ critical discernment, and with it the capacity to concentrate on those issues pertinent to the “common good,” and we have high hopes that every new construct you have imagined can be realized to make the world “better than before,” where each person has a place and a vital role. You have heard the phrase, “20/20 hindsight” – it is our hope that you and everyone in your generation will look on the year 2020 as a challenge to look ahead, to make leaps forward and to lead, leveraging your knowledge of the past and, now, new perspective and energy toward building a better, safer, more loving world for us all, a world with just a touch of 20/20 foresight.

Best to you always, 

Elisabeth Eliassen
your neighbor and fellow citizen

© 2020 by Elisabeth Eliassen and songsofasouljourney.blogspot.com

This address is for all students who were unable to partake of a commencement gathering with their fellow students and families. I wrote this specifically for a young man, a neighbor, who grew up with my kids. I want all our graduates know that they are special and that they live in a special time, and that they can shape the world. I pulled out the more personal comments directed toward our young friend, but the message is the same for all.

Sunday, May 31, 2020

Covid Pentacost



Grief walks the streets, masked.
Isolation is summer’s undesired shield
from the hum of bees,
of birdsongs,
of joy.

Help me—oh mama!
I cannot breathe!
Bye-bye!

Injustice walks the streets, armed.
Legal structures and strictures shield
ideologies of subjugation;
they rule with impunity,
sparking outrage.

Help me—oh mama!
I cannot breathe!
Bye-bye!

A virus propelled by breath runs unabated.
Much needed conversation is stifled
—not to mention song,
medicine the spirit
longs to feel.

Help me—oh mama!
I cannot breathe!
Bye-bye!

Gather, all ye in the village squares,
mourn that capture by all such restraints
as leads to the stifling of breath,
sending, untimely, more men of color
to meet Jesus in Paradise.

Help me—oh mama!
I cannot breathe!
Bye-bye!

Fire beetles, light the night,
signal the elusive dove to morning flight,
and when comes here the sun,
rain upon us a fire for righteousness.

Transform these hearts of stone
into the living hearts of compassion;
Make us to speak only justice,
to understand the language of love and no other.

Let not the riotous soul go unheard,
that stands by with help for all humanity;
strengthen us to bring comfort and blessing
to every neighbor, in these times of trial. Selah!

© 2020 by Elisabeth T. Eliassen and songsofasouljourney.blogspot.com

We live in dangerous times. People who should be leaders are fomenting unrest for political gain. Innocent people are caught in the crossfire. Some sworn members of that profession intended to “protect and serve” abuse their power.

I am reminded of Ezekiel, Chapter 7, a description known as “The End Has Come.” At the very end is this line:

“I will deal with them according to their conduct,
and by their own standards will I judge them.”

As bleak as this seems, there is much to hope for. There are good and compassionate and loving people in every place.

Martin Luther King, Jr. said:

“Man must evolve for all human conflict a method which rejects revenge, aggression and retaliation. The foundation of such a method is love.”


Love truly is the answer, and the only one.

Wednesday, April 15, 2020

This is It: Commentary on Episodes 1 through 4

The average reader of that corpus of literature Christians call the New Testament don’t realize that John the Baptist was as powerful a figure as Jesus. John and Jesus were the charismatic leaders of parallel movements, each drawing very large followings. It is possible that John’s movement had more followers than that of Jesus. 

For the sake of my rendering of gospel narrative, I allow the conceit that the two are “cousins,” according to infancy stories in Luke.

Seen through a modern lens, John’s wild appearance and messianic preaching suggest someone on the spectrum. His ministry, from what we know of it, is centered in repentance and renewal as preparatory to the arrival of the kingdom and a final judgment: “Repent, for the kingdom of God is at hand.” (Matthew 3:2) John’s sacrament was for the remission of sins, but more than that, it was a personal self-healing, a confession, a turning back to the holy one, a rebirth to new ways.

Jesus accepted the sacrament, and then made it integral to his own movement. 

What leaps out to me from the scriptures is that each man points to the other and asks, Are you the one? And by that, each one means Elijah, returned. 

Another interesting thing that leaps out to me is that there was never a suggestion that the parallel movements merge. John went his way and Jesus went in another direction. 

I find it possible—and this is pure speculation—that officials might have been concerned that the movements might merge, particularly because the texts suggest that the two groups maintained contact. Already, the great throngs of people who could be swayed by preaching presented a threat of uprising; a broader coalition of the disenfranchised would have raised the level of such a threat. 

The great difference between John’s ministry and that of Jesus is that only John could administer the sacrament. So, the movement would have died whenever John died. Executing him while he was in prison—and any excuse would have done—was an effective and quick way to destroy his movement and disband his crowds.

By contrast, Jesus gathered a group of willing disciples—a move that I can only think was strategic. He put the sacrament of baptism front and center in his own movement, but he empowered his disciples to offer it, as well as to perform healing. This ensured that the legacy of John would live on, and also made this movement an official target, once John’s movement was ended.

An additional similarity between the thought of John and Jesus has to do with trees bearing fruit. Trees and fruit are metaphors, I believe, for physical and spiritual self-care; how well we tend to ourselves is reflected in the mental choices we make and physical actions we take in the world. How do we tend the tree of our soul? The tree that is not well tended will bear rotten fruit or, worse, no fruit, at all. The ministries of John and Jesus make it plain that such a tree is only useful as fuel for the fire.

© 2020 by Elisabeth T. Eliassen and songsofasouljourney.blogspot.com

Read them again:







Sunday, April 12, 2020

This is It - Preface

I realize it will seem strange that this preface is appearing after all the episodes have appeared in my blog, but there it is…

I embarked on this project during lent of 2020 with a specific personal goal in mind. I want to reclaim, for myself, the personof Jesus, a human exemplar. Jesus is but one among a pantheon of what Joseph Campbell called “The Hero with a Thousand Faces,” heroes who were elevated to the level of divinity after their deaths.

I know some people will be offended when I suggest that many people call themselves Christian without embracing the actual moral code Jesus taught, a moral code with deep roots in the Torah,brought forth in perhaps a new context for new generations. In the time that he lived, the sect that Jesus taught was one among many, many sects, just as today we see many parallel and competing denominations of every extant religion. That being said, there is no single way to view the teachings of Jesus, any more than there is a single way to view the teachings of Buddha, Zarathustra, Mohammed or any other exemplar. 

Humanity is tearing itself apart in the competition to define and impose a definitive construct, mainly in the name of controlling the masses, at the expense of freedom of personal expression. As I have read it, in scripture and commentary, Jesus himself decried the imposition of orthodoxy, in the main because people fall into habits and practices that are rote and formulaic, if not “magical”, and that these often lack spiritual intent and purpose, and fail to bear fruit

The canonical and non-canonical writings that are available to us do not completely reveal what took place in the life story of Jesus, and when it gets right to brass tacks, we’ll never know.

I suspect, but experts will have a different opinion, that Jesus was a follower of John, who took up his own ministry, maybe providing a refuge for John’s followers after his murder, bringing forward his own observations and voice about godliness. 

I suspect, but experts will have a different opinion, that all the gospel narratives we have were constructed with the use of one or more sayings collections, in the typical style of Greco-Roman biography of the time. It has always struck me that, for example, the canonical gospel of Matthew tries and fails to be a well-constructed work of literature because the author(s) tried to cram in too many parables; the ordering of them seems sometimes inconsistent within a somewhat forced storyline, and the transitions are awkward in many places. I used Matthew as a framework for my own version and tried to construct a consistent story by means of episodes.

Since the death and martyrdom and elevation Jesus as Messiah, the focus of the church universal tends to focus on Jesus as the lamb of God, sacrificed to be an offering for all the sins of humanity; as such, much of lived Christian theology puts the work of creating a just world on the Godhead, rather than on the people. This is a failing and, I think, a grave misreading, one that turns the gospels and really all of Judeo-Christian literature on its head. What is the point of the Bible, if not to encourage and insistthat people do God’s work of tending and caring for the world and everything in it. Too often, faithseems to mean that God does all the work of caring for the world while simultaneously forgiving people for a never-ending stream of sinfulness! The newspapers and the television are full of the sort of ungodly corruption that Jesus saw—much of it perpetrated by people at the top of government and religious hierarchy, who are seldom called to account or repair—against which we are seemingly powerless now, as then. 

“Thought, word and deed” is not and can never be replaced by the “thoughts and prayers” that abdicate from the servant leadership that Jesus advocated and seem suggest that we all just sit around as willing victims—waiting for the next world to come without doing anything of substance to bring the world we have in the here and now to a better place. I struggle with the notion that faith is all we need in our toolbox—I don’t think that is what Jesus meant for us to understand. It is all work; there are no shortcuts.

For me, the teachings of Jesus are meant to place accountability on each individual for their choice of actions. If people miss the mark, they can repent and be forgiven—but forgiveness is not a given. The overarching call is for people to do the right thing for the benefit of others (and self) in any moment, even if that means going against the framework of temporal legal standards. I think that Jesus was empowering people to make the kinds of “greater good” choices everyday that we expect our governments to make. Sadly, the pandemic we are living through has shown that we all, each and everyone, must make “greater good” choices because government has been carved out and caved in to serve mammon rather than serve people. 

I will probably tweak my gospel’s construct, as well as write commentary on it. Owing to the time I had available, there are bits I did not include, such as the Widow’s Mite and the Good Samaritan, which I would like to add. 

I do not take my effort to be anything but a personal practice, meant to challenge my own perceptions of what it is to be a follower of Jesus. 

Alameda, California
12 April 2020 

© 2020 by Elisabeth T. Eliassen and songsofasouljourney.blogspot.com

This is It - Episode 17: Dawn on the Third Day



As Sunday dawned, Mary Magdalen and Mary of Bethany and Salome came to the tomb with perfumes and spices, so they could take the body to be embalmed. They were waiting for someone else to come, as they needed help to move the stone from over the tomb. 

But an aftershock, from the earthquake of the day before, shook the earth and knocked over the stone.

They crept inside the tomb, slowly, afraid that the earth would shake again.

But they shrank back in horror, for standing in there was a young man dressed in a white robe, and he said to them, Why are you looking for the living amongst the dead? He is not here. See, this is where the body lay. Go, gather up the students and tell them to go to Galilee. There he will be.

The three women ran away from the tomb in the grip of terror. They were too afraid to tell anyone what they had seen.


© 2020 by Elisabeth T. Eliassen and songsofasouljourney.blogspot.com

A brief note about my literary exploration of the ministry of Jesus of Nazareth: I have undertaken this exercise having read, sung (in several languages), meditated and prayed on the contents of the Synoptic Gospels (as well as the Non-Synoptic Gospels) for at least 45 years. In that time, I’ve accumulated a bit of a library (which comes as no surprise to those who know me), and I try to follow modern scholarship. Here is a partial list of the authors and books that come to mind as I write these episodes:

Ballentine, Debra Scoggins, The Conflict Myth & the Biblical Tradition; Oxford University Press 2015
Erdman, Bart, various titles
Gaus, Andy, The Unvarnished New Testament; Phanes Press, 1991
Herzog, William R., Parables as Subversive Speech; Westminster John Knox Press, 1991
Louden, Bruce, Greek Myth and the Bible; Routledge, 2019
Wajdenbaum, Philippe, Argonauts of the Desert, Routledge, 2011
Ward, Keith, The Philosopher and the Gospels, Lion Hudson, 2011
Yosef ben Maityahu (Titus Flavius Josephus), various writings

This is It - Episode 16: Death, Demanded and Delivered



Yeshua withdrew to pray saying,You will let me down, all of you. You will deny you know me before the night is over, not once but three times.

He told the students to stay at the edge of Gethsemane while he prayed, but he took Peter, James and John with him. When they were out of earshot of the others, he lamented and grieved in heart, but he said to them, Wait here on watch, while I pray.

Going off to be alone, he knelt and prayed, Holy one, all is possible with you; please save me from this ending, if it is your will.

When he returned to the others, they were asleep. Waking them, he said, You could not wait on watch for one hour?To Peter, he said, Stay on watch and hope that you are not put to the test; the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.

Then he went off to pray again, and returned to find them asleep again. Admonishing them, he prayed one more time, with the same result. It was as though they had all drunk a draught of valerian. 

He could only forgive them; the hour had come.

Judas came with an armed group sent by the chief priests, canon lawyers and elders. Yeshua was seized and taken away. Some of the deputized questioned the students, looking for others to arrest. Peter was questioned three times and three times denied knowing Yeshua. The cock crowed at dawn, and Peter wept because he remembered what Yeshua had said.

The temple court questioned many, looking for evidence against Yeshua. Many people told many stories; some people perjured themselves, seeking notoriety. Few of the stories were matched; none seemed chargeable.

The high priest asked Jesus, Are you the Son of the Most Blessed?

Yeshua answered, I am the son of humanityI will be seated at the right hand of power.

The high priest called him a blasphemer and the court judged against him. Yeshua was tied up and led away to Pilate.

Pilate, having heard the charges, said, You’re the king of the Jews?

Yeshua said, That is what you are calling me.

Pilate, knowing envy was at the heart of the charges, said, You know what they are charging you with. Have you nothing to say in your defense?

But Yeshua did not answer him.

Pilate’s wife said, Do not have anything to do with this innocent man. I had a nightmare where I suffered on his account.

The crowd pressed and yelled, calling Crucify him!

Pilate took water and washed his hands in full sight of the mob, saying, I am innocent of this man’s blood.See to this yourselves.

Soldiers took his clothes from him and marched him away. People along the way spit at him and hit him with rods. A man named Simon was ordered to carry a cross in this procession toward death. Someone had plaited thorns into a crown, and this was jammed onto Yeshua’s head.

Yeshua was crucified. The written charge was nailed at the top of the cross, This is Yeshua, King of the Jews. Soldiers gambled for his clothing. Two thieves were crucified with him, one to his right and one to his left.  They cursed him, as they were led to their punishment. One taunted him, saying, If you’re the son of the holy one, come down off your cross.

The officials also derided him saying, He saved others, but he can’t save himself.

From noon to about three o’clock, the sun was eclipsed. Then, Yeshua cried out, Eli, eli, lema sabachthani.

Some in the crowd jeered, Let’s see if Elijah comes to save him.

But Jesus cried out, and breathed his last.

And then an earthquake hit. Everyone was frightened. 

The Roman captain called out, He really was the son of the holy one!

As evening wore on, Joseph of Arimathea, one of the students, appealed to Pilate to take the body away. Pilate granted his wish. Yeshua’s body was wrapped in clean linen and laid in a tomb. A stone was put over the tomb, and a guard posted, lest the body be stolen.



© 2020 by Elisabeth T. Eliassen and songsofasouljourney.blogspot.com

A brief note about my literary exploration of the ministry of Jesus of Nazareth: I have undertaken this exercise having read, sung (in several languages), meditated and prayed on the contents of the Synoptic Gospels (as well as the Non-Synoptic Gospels) for at least 45 years. In that time, I’ve accumulated a bit of a library (which comes as no surprise to those who know me), and I try to follow modern scholarship. Here is a partial list of the authors and books that come to mind as I write these episodes:

Ballentine, Debra Scoggins, The Conflict Myth & the Biblical Tradition; Oxford University Press 2015
Erdman, Bart, various titles
Gaus, Andy, The Unvarnished New Testament; Phanes Press, 1991
Herzog, William R., Parables as Subversive Speech; Westminster John Knox Press, 1991
Louden, Bruce, Greek Myth and the Bible; Routledge, 2019
Wajdenbaum, Philippe, Argonauts of the Desert, Routledge, 2011
Ward, Keith, The Philosopher and the Gospels, Lion Hudson, 2011
Yosef ben Maityahu (Titus Flavius Josephus), various writings

This is It - Episode 15: Passover



The time of Passover and unleavened had come, and when they were making sacrifice two students asked Yeshua, Where do you want us to prepare for the seder?

He told them, Go into town, and you will see a man carrying a water jug. Follow him, and where he goes in, say to the master of the house, ‘Our teacher asks, where is a banquet hall why I can eat seder with my students?’ He will show you an upper room, with a table made ready. There you can make preparations.

Later, Yeshua arrived with the twelve. They all sat at table.

Yeshua said, The time of reckoning is at hand. We have riled too many in power. One of you is going to hand me over to the authorities, one sitting among us now.

The mood of the room darkened, and all assembled took on grief.

But he took the bread, blessed it and broke it, and he gave it to them saying, Take this, this is my body.And in that gesture, they remembered his talk about the leavening and stories about bread.

Taking a cup and giving thanks, he gave it to them saying, This is my blood, poured out for all. I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it, renewed, in the realm of the holy one. And with that gesture, they remembered his talk about the vineyard, the vine and the grapes.

At the end of the meal, they sang a hymn and departed toward Mount Olive. 


© 2020 by Elisabeth T. Eliassen and songsofasouljourney.blogspot.com

A brief note about my literary exploration of the ministry of Jesus of Nazareth: I have undertaken this exercise having read, sung (in several languages), meditated and prayed on the contents of the Synoptic Gospels (as well as the Non-Synoptic Gospels) for at least 45 years. In that time, I’ve accumulated a bit of a library (which comes as no surprise to those who know me), and I try to follow modern scholarship. Here is a partial list of the authors and books that come to mind as I write these episodes:

Ballentine, Debra Scoggins, The Conflict Myth & the Biblical Tradition; Oxford University Press 2015
Erdman, Bart, various titles
Gaus, Andy, The Unvarnished New Testament; Phanes Press, 1991
Herzog, William R., Parables as Subversive Speech; Westminster John Knox Press, 1991
Louden, Bruce, Greek Myth and the Bible; Routledge, 2019
Wajdenbaum, Philippe, Argonauts of the Desert, Routledge, 2011
Ward, Keith, The Philosopher and the Gospels, Lion Hudson, 2011
Yosef ben Maityahu (Titus Flavius Josephus), various writings